PPF - Learners’ Republic

A Feminist Inquiry Into Urban Planning

administrator — Thu, 22 Apr 2021 08:46:48 +0000

By Afshan Ejaz, Bareera Gulzar, Ghazal Qadri, Inbisat Zaidi, Sehrish Muluk, Zumer Zia

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Complete Streets – A Comparative Analysis

administrator — Thu, 22 Apr 2021 11:28:44 +0000

By Manahal Zameer, Hira Ambreen, Ehsan Rehman, Ahmed Mushtaq

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Serving the under-served during Covid-19

administrator — Thu, 22 Apr 2021 11:45:07 +0000

By Javeria Sehar, Nawal Khurram, Syed Maroof Ali

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Are Ehsaas and BISP the Right Way to Go?: Social safety nets vs. rights-based social protection in the wake of COVID-19 in Pakistan

momin — Fri, 22 Apr 2022 07:37:22 +0000

By Mashal Nadeem, Rahma Aslam, Navaira Ramzan and Arsalan Khatti

As members of a community, there are certain expectations we have of our collective group. These expectations include that of social care and support from the group, in the form of healthcare, poverty protection and general help in times of hardship. In the modern nation-state, this form of support often takes the form of “social protection”, which UNICEF has defined as “a range of policies and programmes needed to reduce the lifelong consequences of poverty and exclusion” (UNICEF). These policies include activities ranging from cash-transfer programs for people within the earning bracket, to social support housing, to skill-development programs to empower people to gain employment.

A developing country with an Islamic foundation, Pakistan has social protection laws written in its constitution; however, it has faced numerous difficulties in implementing social policies and protection measures for all citizens. These range from having a largely informal, agricultural workforce, to lack of government implementation abilities in far-flung areas, to security threats to governmental associations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of these implementation difficulties became even more evident – and even more in need of change.

Pakistan’s social protection activities have grown over the years, with two key programs becoming well-known nationwide: the 2008 Benazir Income Support Program, also known as BISP, and the 2019 Ehsaas Program. These two programs have different approaches to social protection, namely Social Safety Net programs and a growing Rights-Based Approach.

By analysing the importance of a social safety net approach and a rights-based approach, this paper will examine the effectiveness of both social protection programs during COVID-19 in Pakistan in order to provide a deeper understanding and further recommendations for how to prepare the nation in case of further emergency and/or disasters.

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Solid Waste Management & Recycling: Operational and Financial Model

momin — Wed, 12 Oct 2022 12:00:14 +0000

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By Ummamah Shah, Abdul Moeez, Rafala Khan and Hira Naqvi

The increase in usage of packaging in consumer products along with the ever-increasing population has led to an exponential rise in land pollution. Meanwhile developed countries are making huge leaps in reducing and recycling the waste, developing countries like Pakistan are remotely prepared to fix the problem. Piles of garbage in the middle of streets and shopping bags clogging waterways are a common sight due to the lack of a proper solid waste management system. This lack of proper solid waste disposal leads to flooding in areas next to waterways, groundwater contamination and poses health risks to communities. These issues further lead to loss of economy, human capital and damage to the infrastructure. In a large number of countries, solid waste management has been either done through public entities or it is outsourced to private firms. In either case, the consumer of services pays a meagre amount for disposal of their solid waste. The collection of solid waste serves as a good revenue source for any entity involved in collection since most of the items in solid waste are sold back to manufacturers for recycling purposes. Moreover, this strategy serves as a valuable tool in disposal of hazardous waste thus keeping the environment clean.

This project report evaluates the solid waste management services from a business perspective. To develop the operational and financial model, the region of Gulshan-e-Iqbal in Karachi was considered for the base case. According to the survey conducted by UN habitat, the average household in the area generates 1.54 kg of solid waste which yields approximately 280 tons collectively. Most of this waste either can be recycled or can be utilized for energy or biogas generation. This provides an ample opportunity for investors to consider solid waste recycling as a profitable venture.

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